]> git.xonotic.org Git - xonotic/gmqcc.git/blobdiff - parser.c
Merge branch 'master' into cooking
[xonotic/gmqcc.git] / parser.c
index c1d3fb1d786641ecd3611c3e2f66337b897d968c..7d9ac6a353155724928a29a70b10c4e25f27cca9 100644 (file)
--- a/parser.c
+++ b/parser.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2012, 2013
  *     Wolfgang Bumiller
  *     Dale Weiler
- * 
+ *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
  * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
  * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
@@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ typedef struct parser_s {
 
     /* collected information */
     size_t     max_param_count;
+
+    /* code generator */
+    code_t     *code;
 } parser_t;
 
 static ast_expression * const intrinsic_debug_typestring = (ast_expression*)0x1;
@@ -182,7 +185,7 @@ vector vec3_mulvf(vector a, float b)
  * parsing
  */
 
-bool parser_next(parser_t *parser)
+static bool parser_next(parser_t *parser)
 {
     /* lex_do kills the previous token */
     parser->tok = lex_do(parser->lex);
@@ -217,6 +220,7 @@ static ast_value* parser_const_float(parser_t *parser, double d)
     out = ast_value_new(ctx, "#IMMEDIATE", TYPE_FLOAT);
     out->cvq      = CV_CONST;
     out->hasvalue = true;
+    out->isimm    = true;
     out->constval.vfloat = d;
     vec_push(parser->imm_float, out);
     return out;
@@ -257,11 +261,12 @@ static ast_value* parser_const_string(parser_t *parser, const char *str, bool do
 {
     size_t hash = util_hthash(parser->ht_imm_string, str);
     ast_value *out;
-    if ( (out = util_htgeth(parser->ht_imm_string, str, hash)) ) {
+    if ( (out = (ast_value*)util_htgeth(parser->ht_imm_string, str, hash)) ) {
         if (dotranslate && out->name[0] == '#') {
             char name[32];
-            snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "dotranslate_%lu", (unsigned long)(parser->translated++));
+            util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "dotranslate_%lu", (unsigned long)(parser->translated++));
             ast_value_set_name(out, name);
+            out->expression.flags |= AST_FLAG_INCLUDE_DEF;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -273,12 +278,14 @@ static ast_value* parser_const_string(parser_t *parser, const char *str, bool do
     */
     if (dotranslate) {
         char name[32];
-        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "dotranslate_%lu", (unsigned long)(parser->translated++));
+        util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "dotranslate_%lu", (unsigned long)(parser->translated++));
         out = ast_value_new(parser_ctx(parser), name, TYPE_STRING);
     } else
         out = ast_value_new(parser_ctx(parser), "#IMMEDIATE", TYPE_STRING);
     out->cvq      = CV_CONST;
     out->hasvalue = true;
+    out->isimm    = true;
+    out->expression.flags |= AST_FLAG_INCLUDE_DEF;
     out->constval.vstring = parser_strdup(str);
     vec_push(parser->imm_string, out);
     util_htseth(parser->ht_imm_string, str, hash, out);
@@ -296,6 +303,7 @@ static ast_value* parser_const_vector(parser_t *parser, vector v)
     out = ast_value_new(parser_ctx(parser), "#IMMEDIATE", TYPE_VECTOR);
     out->cvq      = CV_CONST;
     out->hasvalue = true;
+    out->isimm    = true;
     out->constval.vvec = v;
     vec_push(parser->imm_vector, out);
     return out;
@@ -579,7 +587,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
         blocks[i] = sy->out[vec_size(sy->out)+i].block;
         asvalue[i] = (ast_value*)exprs[i];
 
-        if (exprs[i]->expression.vtype == TYPE_NOEXPR &&
+        if (exprs[i]->vtype == TYPE_NOEXPR &&
             !(i != 0 && op->id == opid2('?',':')) &&
             !(i == 1 && op->id == opid1('.')))
         {
@@ -597,11 +605,11 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
     }
 
 #define NotSameType(T) \
-             (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != exprs[1]->expression.vtype || \
-              exprs[0]->expression.vtype != T)
+             (exprs[0]->vtype != exprs[1]->vtype || \
+              exprs[0]->vtype != T)
 #define CanConstFold1(A) \
              (ast_istype((A), ast_value) && ((ast_value*)(A))->hasvalue && (((ast_value*)(A))->cvq == CV_CONST) &&\
-              (A)->expression.vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION)
+              (A)->vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION)
 #define CanConstFold(A, B) \
              (CanConstFold1(A) && CanConstFold1(B))
 #define ConstV(i) (asvalue[(i)]->constval.vvec)
@@ -614,8 +622,8 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
             return false;
 
         case opid1('.'):
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR &&
-                exprs[1]->expression.vtype == TYPE_NOEXPR)
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR &&
+                exprs[1]->vtype == TYPE_NOEXPR)
             {
                 if      (exprs[1] == (ast_expression*)parser->const_vec[0])
                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_member_new(ctx, exprs[0], 0, NULL);
@@ -628,14 +636,14 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     return false;
                 }
             }
-            else if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_ENTITY) {
-                if (exprs[1]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FIELD) {
+            else if (exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_ENTITY) {
+                if (exprs[1]->vtype != TYPE_FIELD) {
                     compile_error(ast_ctx(exprs[1]), "type error: right hand of member-operand should be an entity-field");
                     return false;
                 }
                 out = (ast_expression*)ast_entfield_new(ctx, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
             }
-            else if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
+            else if (exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
                 compile_error(ast_ctx(exprs[1]), "vectors cannot be accessed this way");
                 return false;
             }
@@ -646,15 +654,15 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
             break;
 
         case opid1('['):
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_ARRAY &&
-                !(exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
-                  exprs[0]->expression.next->expression.vtype == TYPE_ARRAY))
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_ARRAY &&
+                !(exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
+                  exprs[0]->next->vtype == TYPE_ARRAY))
             {
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                 compile_error(ast_ctx(exprs[0]), "cannot index value of type %s", ty1);
                 return false;
             }
-            if (exprs[1]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
+            if (exprs[1]->vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                 compile_error(ast_ctx(exprs[1]), "index must be of type float, not %s", ty1);
                 return false;
@@ -701,7 +709,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
             out = exprs[0];
             break;
         case opid2('-','P'):
-            switch (exprs[0]->expression.vtype) {
+            switch (exprs[0]->vtype) {
                 case TYPE_FLOAT:
                     if (CanConstFold1(exprs[0]))
                         out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, -ConstF(0));
@@ -721,13 +729,13 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     break;
                 default:
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot negate type %s",
-                              type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype]);
+                              type_name[exprs[0]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
             break;
 
         case opid2('!','P'):
-            switch (exprs[0]->expression.vtype) {
+            switch (exprs[0]->vtype) {
                 case TYPE_FLOAT:
                     if (CanConstFold1(exprs[0]))
                         out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, !ConstF(0));
@@ -763,21 +771,21 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     break;
                 default:
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot logically negate type %s",
-                              type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype]);
+                              type_name[exprs[0]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
             break;
 
         case opid1('+'):
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != exprs[1]->expression.vtype ||
-                (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) )
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != exprs[1]->vtype ||
+                (exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) )
             {
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot add type %s and %s",
-                              type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype],
-                              type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype]);
+                              type_name[exprs[0]->vtype],
+                              type_name[exprs[1]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
-            switch (exprs[0]->expression.vtype) {
+            switch (exprs[0]->vtype) {
                 case TYPE_FLOAT:
                     if (CanConstFold(exprs[0], exprs[1]))
                     {
@@ -794,21 +802,21 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     break;
                 default:
                     compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot add type %s and %s",
-                                  type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype],
-                                  type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype]);
+                                  type_name[exprs[0]->vtype],
+                                  type_name[exprs[1]->vtype]);
                     return false;
             };
             break;
         case opid1('-'):
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != exprs[1]->expression.vtype ||
-                (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) )
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != exprs[1]->vtype ||
+                (exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) )
             {
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot subtract type %s from %s",
-                              type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype],
-                              type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype]);
+                              type_name[exprs[1]->vtype],
+                              type_name[exprs[0]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
-            switch (exprs[0]->expression.vtype) {
+            switch (exprs[0]->vtype) {
                 case TYPE_FLOAT:
                     if (CanConstFold(exprs[0], exprs[1]))
                         out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, ConstF(0) - ConstF(1));
@@ -823,27 +831,27 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     break;
                 default:
                     compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot subtract type %s from %s",
-                                  type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype],
-                                  type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype]);
+                                  type_name[exprs[1]->vtype],
+                                  type_name[exprs[0]->vtype]);
                     return false;
             };
             break;
         case opid1('*'):
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != exprs[1]->expression.vtype &&
-                !(exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR &&
-                  exprs[1]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) &&
-                !(exprs[1]->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR &&
-                  exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != exprs[1]->vtype &&
+                !(exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR &&
+                  exprs[1]->vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) &&
+                !(exprs[1]->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR &&
+                  exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                 )
             {
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot multiply types %s and %s",
-                              type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype],
-                              type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype]);
+                              type_name[exprs[1]->vtype],
+                              type_name[exprs[0]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
-            switch (exprs[0]->expression.vtype) {
+            switch (exprs[0]->vtype) {
                 case TYPE_FLOAT:
-                    if (exprs[1]->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
+                    if (exprs[1]->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
                     {
                         if (CanConstFold(exprs[0], exprs[1]))
                             out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_vector(parser, vec3_mulvf(ConstV(1), ConstF(0)));
@@ -859,7 +867,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     }
                     break;
                 case TYPE_VECTOR:
-                    if (exprs[1]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
+                    if (exprs[1]->vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
                     {
                         if (CanConstFold(exprs[0], exprs[1]))
                             out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_vector(parser, vec3_mulvf(ConstV(0), ConstF(1)));
@@ -875,7 +883,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                             if (!vec.y && !vec.z) { /* 'n 0 0' * v */
                                 ++opts_optimizationcount[OPTIM_VECTOR_COMPONENTS];
                                 out = (ast_expression*)ast_member_new(ctx, exprs[1], 0, NULL);
-                                out->expression.node.keep = false;
+                                out->node.keep = false;
                                 ((ast_member*)out)->rvalue = true;
                                 if (vec.x != 1)
                                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, INSTR_MUL_F, (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, vec.x), out);
@@ -883,7 +891,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                             else if (!vec.x && !vec.z) { /* '0 n 0' * v */
                                 ++opts_optimizationcount[OPTIM_VECTOR_COMPONENTS];
                                 out = (ast_expression*)ast_member_new(ctx, exprs[1], 1, NULL);
-                                out->expression.node.keep = false;
+                                out->node.keep = false;
                                 ((ast_member*)out)->rvalue = true;
                                 if (vec.y != 1)
                                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, INSTR_MUL_F, (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, vec.y), out);
@@ -891,7 +899,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                             else if (!vec.x && !vec.y) { /* '0 n 0' * v */
                                 ++opts_optimizationcount[OPTIM_VECTOR_COMPONENTS];
                                 out = (ast_expression*)ast_member_new(ctx, exprs[1], 2, NULL);
-                                out->expression.node.keep = false;
+                                out->node.keep = false;
                                 ((ast_member*)out)->rvalue = true;
                                 if (vec.z != 1)
                                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, INSTR_MUL_F, (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, vec.z), out);
@@ -904,7 +912,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                             if (!vec.y && !vec.z) { /* v * 'n 0 0' */
                                 ++opts_optimizationcount[OPTIM_VECTOR_COMPONENTS];
                                 out = (ast_expression*)ast_member_new(ctx, exprs[0], 0, NULL);
-                                out->expression.node.keep = false;
+                                out->node.keep = false;
                                 ((ast_member*)out)->rvalue = true;
                                 if (vec.x != 1)
                                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, INSTR_MUL_F, out, (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, vec.x));
@@ -912,7 +920,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                             else if (!vec.x && !vec.z) { /* v * '0 n 0' */
                                 ++opts_optimizationcount[OPTIM_VECTOR_COMPONENTS];
                                 out = (ast_expression*)ast_member_new(ctx, exprs[0], 1, NULL);
-                                out->expression.node.keep = false;
+                                out->node.keep = false;
                                 ((ast_member*)out)->rvalue = true;
                                 if (vec.y != 1)
                                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, INSTR_MUL_F, out, (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, vec.y));
@@ -920,7 +928,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                             else if (!vec.x && !vec.y) { /* v * '0 n 0' */
                                 ++opts_optimizationcount[OPTIM_VECTOR_COMPONENTS];
                                 out = (ast_expression*)ast_member_new(ctx, exprs[0], 2, NULL);
-                                out->expression.node.keep = false;
+                                out->node.keep = false;
                                 ((ast_member*)out)->rvalue = true;
                                 if (vec.z != 1)
                                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, INSTR_MUL_F, out, (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, vec.z));
@@ -934,25 +942,25 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     break;
                 default:
                     compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot multiply types %s and %s",
-                                  type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype],
-                                  type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype]);
+                                  type_name[exprs[1]->vtype],
+                                  type_name[exprs[0]->vtype]);
                     return false;
             };
             break;
         case opid1('/'):
-            if (exprs[1]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
+            if (exprs[1]->vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot divide tyeps %s and %s", ty1, ty2);
                 return false;
             }
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) {
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_FLOAT) {
                 if (CanConstFold(exprs[0], exprs[1]))
                     out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, ConstF(0) / ConstF(1));
                 else
                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, INSTR_DIV_F, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
             }
-            else if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
+            else if (exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
                 if (CanConstFold(exprs[0], exprs[1]))
                     out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_vector(parser, vec3_mulvf(ConstV(0), 1.0/ConstF(1)));
                 else {
@@ -982,8 +990,8 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
         case opid1('%'):
             if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform modulo operation between types %s and %s",
-                    type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype],
-                    type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype]);
+                    type_name[exprs[0]->vtype],
+                    type_name[exprs[1]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
             if (CanConstFold(exprs[0], exprs[1])) {
@@ -1011,8 +1019,8 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
         case opid1('&'):
             if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform bit operations between types %s and %s",
-                              type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype],
-                              type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype]);
+                              type_name[exprs[0]->vtype],
+                              type_name[exprs[1]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
             if (CanConstFold(exprs[0], exprs[1]))
@@ -1032,9 +1040,9 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
         case opid2('>','>'):
             if (CanConstFold(exprs[0], exprs[1]) && ! NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                 if (op->id == opid2('<','<'))
-                    out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, (double)((int)(ConstF(0)) << (int)(ConstF(1))));
+                    out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, (double)((unsigned int)(ConstF(0)) << (unsigned int)(ConstF(1))));
                 else
-                    out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, (double)((int)(ConstF(0)) >> (int)(ConstF(1))));
+                    out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, (double)((unsigned int)(ConstF(0)) >> (unsigned int)(ConstF(1))));
                 break;
             }
         case opid3('<','<','='):
@@ -1068,7 +1076,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     return false;
                 }
                 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
-                    if (OPTS_FLAG(CORRECT_LOGIC) && exprs[i]->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
+                    if (OPTS_FLAG(CORRECT_LOGIC) && exprs[i]->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR) {
                         out = (ast_expression*)ast_unary_new(ctx, INSTR_NOT_V, exprs[i]);
                         if (!out) break;
                         out = (ast_expression*)ast_unary_new(ctx, INSTR_NOT_F, out);
@@ -1079,7 +1087,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                             break;
                         }
                     }
-                    else if (OPTS_FLAG(FALSE_EMPTY_STRINGS) && exprs[i]->expression.vtype == TYPE_STRING) {
+                    else if (OPTS_FLAG(FALSE_EMPTY_STRINGS) && exprs[i]->vtype == TYPE_STRING) {
                         out = (ast_expression*)ast_unary_new(ctx, INSTR_NOT_S, exprs[i]);
                         if (!out) break;
                         out = (ast_expression*)ast_unary_new(ctx, INSTR_NOT_F, out);
@@ -1186,49 +1194,49 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
             generated_op += INSTR_LE;
             if (NotSameType(TYPE_FLOAT)) {
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform comparison between types %s and %s",
-                              type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype],
-                              type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype]);
+                              type_name[exprs[0]->vtype],
+                              type_name[exprs[1]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
             out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, generated_op, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
             break;
         case opid2('!', '='):
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != exprs[1]->expression.vtype) {
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != exprs[1]->vtype) {
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform comparison between types %s and %s",
-                              type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype],
-                              type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype]);
+                              type_name[exprs[0]->vtype],
+                              type_name[exprs[1]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
-            out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, type_ne_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype], exprs[0], exprs[1]);
+            out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, type_ne_instr[exprs[0]->vtype], exprs[0], exprs[1]);
             break;
         case opid2('=', '='):
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != exprs[1]->expression.vtype) {
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != exprs[1]->vtype) {
                 compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot perform comparison between types %s and %s",
-                              type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype],
-                              type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype]);
+                              type_name[exprs[0]->vtype],
+                              type_name[exprs[1]->vtype]);
                 return false;
             }
-            out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, type_eq_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype], exprs[0], exprs[1]);
+            out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, type_eq_instr[exprs[0]->vtype], exprs[0], exprs[1]);
             break;
 
         case opid1('='):
             if (ast_istype(exprs[0], ast_entfield)) {
                 ast_expression *field = ((ast_entfield*)exprs[0])->field;
                 if (OPTS_FLAG(ADJUST_VECTOR_FIELDS) &&
-                    exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
-                    exprs[0]->expression.next->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
+                    exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
+                    exprs[0]->next->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
                 {
                     assignop = type_storep_instr[TYPE_VECTOR];
                 }
                 else
-                    assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
-                if (assignop == VINSTR_END || !ast_compare_type(field->expression.next, exprs[1]))
+                    assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
+                if (assignop == VINSTR_END || !ast_compare_type(field->next, exprs[1]))
                 {
-                    ast_type_to_string(field->expression.next, ty1, sizeof(ty1));
+                    ast_type_to_string(field->next, ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                     ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                     if (OPTS_FLAG(ASSIGN_FUNCTION_TYPES) &&
-                        field->expression.next->expression.vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION &&
-                        exprs[1]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
+                        field->next->vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION &&
+                        exprs[1]->vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
                     {
                         (void)!compile_warning(ctx, WARN_ASSIGN_FUNCTION_TYPES,
                                                "invalid types in assignment: cannot assign %s to %s", ty2, ty1);
@@ -1240,13 +1248,13 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
             else
             {
                 if (OPTS_FLAG(ADJUST_VECTOR_FIELDS) &&
-                    exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
-                    exprs[0]->expression.next->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
+                    exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
+                    exprs[0]->next->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
                 {
                     assignop = type_store_instr[TYPE_VECTOR];
                 }
                 else {
-                    assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
+                    assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
                 }
 
                 if (assignop == VINSTR_END) {
@@ -1259,8 +1267,8 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                     ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
                     if (OPTS_FLAG(ASSIGN_FUNCTION_TYPES) &&
-                        exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION &&
-                        exprs[1]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
+                        exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION &&
+                        exprs[1]->vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
                     {
                         (void)!compile_warning(ctx, WARN_ASSIGN_FUNCTION_TYPES,
                                                "invalid types in assignment: cannot assign %s to %s", ty2, ty1);
@@ -1277,7 +1285,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
         case opid3('+','+','P'):
         case opid3('-','-','P'):
             /* prefix ++ */
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                 compile_error(ast_ctx(exprs[0]), "invalid type for prefix increment: %s", ty1);
                 return false;
@@ -1302,7 +1310,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
         case opid3('S','+','+'):
         case opid3('S','-','-'):
             /* prefix ++ */
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                 compile_error(ast_ctx(exprs[0]), "invalid type for suffix increment: %s", ty1);
                 return false;
@@ -1334,8 +1342,8 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
             break;
         case opid2('+','='):
         case opid2('-','='):
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != exprs[1]->expression.vtype ||
-                (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) )
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != exprs[1]->vtype ||
+                (exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_VECTOR && exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) )
             {
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
@@ -1347,10 +1355,10 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                 compile_error(ctx, "assignment to constant `%s`", asvalue[0]->name);
             }
             if (ast_istype(exprs[0], ast_entfield))
-                assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
+                assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
             else
-                assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
-            switch (exprs[0]->expression.vtype) {
+                assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
+            switch (exprs[0]->vtype) {
                 case TYPE_FLOAT:
                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_binstore_new(ctx, assignop,
                                                             (op->id == opid2('+','=') ? INSTR_ADD_F : INSTR_SUB_F),
@@ -1363,16 +1371,16 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     break;
                 default:
                     compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot add or subtract type %s and %s",
-                                  type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype],
-                                  type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype]);
+                                  type_name[exprs[0]->vtype],
+                                  type_name[exprs[1]->vtype]);
                     return false;
             };
             break;
         case opid2('*','='):
         case opid2('/','='):
-            if (exprs[1]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FLOAT ||
-                !(exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_FLOAT ||
-                  exprs[0]->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR))
+            if (exprs[1]->vtype != TYPE_FLOAT ||
+                !(exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_FLOAT ||
+                  exprs[0]->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR))
             {
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[1], ty2, sizeof(ty2));
@@ -1384,10 +1392,10 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                 compile_error(ctx, "assignment to constant `%s`", asvalue[0]->name);
             }
             if (ast_istype(exprs[0], ast_entfield))
-                assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
+                assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
             else
-                assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
-            switch (exprs[0]->expression.vtype) {
+                assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
+            switch (exprs[0]->vtype) {
                 case TYPE_FLOAT:
                     out = (ast_expression*)ast_binstore_new(ctx, assignop,
                                                             (op->id == opid2('*','=') ? INSTR_MUL_F : INSTR_DIV_F),
@@ -1416,8 +1424,8 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     break;
                 default:
                     compile_error(ctx, "invalid types used in expression: cannot add or subtract type %s and %s",
-                                  type_name[exprs[0]->expression.vtype],
-                                  type_name[exprs[1]->expression.vtype]);
+                                  type_name[exprs[0]->vtype],
+                                  type_name[exprs[1]->vtype]);
                     return false;
             };
             break;
@@ -1434,9 +1442,9 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                 compile_error(ctx, "assignment to constant `%s`", asvalue[0]->name);
             }
             if (ast_istype(exprs[0], ast_entfield))
-                assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
+                assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
             else
-                assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
+                assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
             out = (ast_expression*)ast_binstore_new(ctx, assignop,
                                                     (op->id == opid2('&','=') ? INSTR_BITAND : INSTR_BITOR),
                                                     exprs[0], exprs[1]);
@@ -1454,9 +1462,9 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                 return false;
             }
             if (ast_istype(exprs[0], ast_entfield))
-                assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
+                assignop = type_storep_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
             else
-                assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->expression.vtype];
+                assignop = type_store_instr[exprs[0]->vtype];
             out = (ast_expression*)ast_binary_new(ctx, INSTR_BITAND, exprs[0], exprs[1]);
             if (!out)
                 return false;
@@ -1469,7 +1477,7 @@ static bool parser_sy_apply_operator(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
             break;
 
         case opid2('~', 'P'):
-            if (exprs[0]->expression.vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
+            if (exprs[0]->vtype != TYPE_FLOAT) {
                 ast_type_to_string(exprs[0], ty1, sizeof(ty1));
                 compile_error(ast_ctx(exprs[0]), "invalid type for bit not: %s", ty1);
                 return false;
@@ -1565,7 +1573,7 @@ static bool parser_close_call(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
 
     if (ast_istype(fun, ast_value)) {
         funval = (ast_value*)fun;
-        if ((fun->expression.flags & AST_FLAG_VARIADIC) &&
+        if ((fun->flags & AST_FLAG_VARIADIC) &&
             !(/*funval->cvq == CV_CONST && */ funval->hasvalue && funval->constval.vfunc->builtin))
         {
             call->va_count = (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, (double)paramcount);
@@ -1575,18 +1583,18 @@ static bool parser_close_call(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
     /* overwrite fid, the function, with a call */
     sy->out[fid] = syexp(call->expression.node.context, (ast_expression*)call);
 
-    if (fun->expression.vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
-        parseerror(parser, "not a function (%s)", type_name[fun->expression.vtype]);
+    if (fun->vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+        parseerror(parser, "not a function (%s)", type_name[fun->vtype]);
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (!fun->expression.next) {
+    if (!fun->next) {
         parseerror(parser, "could not determine function return type");
         return false;
     } else {
         ast_value *fval = (ast_istype(fun, ast_value) ? ((ast_value*)fun) : NULL);
 
-        if (fun->expression.flags & AST_FLAG_DEPRECATED) {
+        if (fun->flags & AST_FLAG_DEPRECATED) {
             if (!fval) {
                 return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_DEPRECATED,
                         "call to function (which is marked deprecated)\n",
@@ -1606,22 +1614,22 @@ static bool parser_close_call(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy)
                     ast_ctx(fun).line);
         }
 
-        if (vec_size(fun->expression.params) != paramcount &&
-            !((fun->expression.flags & AST_FLAG_VARIADIC) &&
-              vec_size(fun->expression.params) < paramcount))
+        if (vec_size(fun->params) != paramcount &&
+            !((fun->flags & AST_FLAG_VARIADIC) &&
+              vec_size(fun->params) < paramcount))
         {
-            const char *fewmany = (vec_size(fun->expression.params) > paramcount) ? "few" : "many";
+            const char *fewmany = (vec_size(fun->params) > paramcount) ? "few" : "many";
             if (fval)
                 return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_INVALID_PARAMETER_COUNT,
                                      "too %s parameters for call to %s: expected %i, got %i\n"
                                      " -> `%s` has been declared here: %s:%i",
-                                     fewmany, fval->name, (int)vec_size(fun->expression.params), (int)paramcount,
+                                     fewmany, fval->name, (int)vec_size(fun->params), (int)paramcount,
                                      fval->name, ast_ctx(fun).file, (int)ast_ctx(fun).line);
             else
                 return !parsewarning(parser, WARN_INVALID_PARAMETER_COUNT,
                                      "too %s parameters for function call: expected %i, got %i\n"
                                      " -> it has been declared here: %s:%i",
-                                     fewmany, (int)vec_size(fun->expression.params), (int)paramcount,
+                                     fewmany, (int)vec_size(fun->params), (int)paramcount,
                                      ast_ctx(fun).file, (int)ast_ctx(fun).line);
         }
     }
@@ -1782,6 +1790,9 @@ static ast_expression* parse_vararg(parser_t *parser)
     return out;
 }
 
+/* not to be exposed */
+extern bool ftepp_predef_exists(const char *name);
+
 static bool parse_sya_operand(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy, bool with_labels)
 {
     if (OPTS_FLAG(TRANSLATABLE_STRINGS) &&
@@ -1872,7 +1883,7 @@ static bool parse_sya_operand(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy, bool with_labels)
             /* When adding more intrinsics, fix the above condition */
             prev = NULL;
         }
-        if (prev && prev->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR && ctoken[0] >= 'x' && ctoken[0] <= 'z' && !ctoken[1])
+        if (prev && prev->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR && ctoken[0] >= 'x' && ctoken[0] <= 'z' && !ctoken[1])
         {
             var = (ast_expression*)parser->const_vec[ctoken[0]-'x'];
         } else {
@@ -1888,6 +1899,8 @@ static bool parse_sya_operand(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy, bool with_labels)
                 vec_push(parser->labels, lbl);
             }
         }
+        if (!var && !strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "__FUNC__"))
+            var = (ast_expression*)parser_const_string(parser, parser->function->name, false);
         if (!var) {
             /* intrinsics */
             if (!strcmp(parser_tokval(parser), "__builtin_debug_typestring")) {
@@ -1899,10 +1912,8 @@ static bool parse_sya_operand(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy, bool with_labels)
              */
             else if (!strncmp(parser_tokval(parser), "__builtin_", 10)) {
                 var = intrin_func(parser, parser_tokval(parser) + 10 /* skip __builtin */);
-            } else {
-                var = intrin_func(parser, parser_tokval(parser));
             }
-                
+
             if (!var) {
                 char *correct = NULL;
                 size_t i;
@@ -1912,13 +1923,9 @@ static bool parse_sya_operand(parser_t *parser, shunt *sy, bool with_labels)
                  * i've done this thousands of times already myself.  Lets check for
                  * it in the predef table.  And diagnose it better :)
                  */
-                if (!OPTS_FLAG(FTEPP_PREDEFS)) {
-                    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(ftepp_predefs)/sizeof(*ftepp_predefs); i++) {
-                        if (!strcmp(ftepp_predefs[i].name, parser_tokval(parser))) {
-                            parseerror(parser, "unexpected ident: %s (use -fftepp-predef to enable pre-defined macros)", parser_tokval(parser));
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
+                if (!OPTS_FLAG(FTEPP_PREDEFS) && ftepp_predef_exists(parser_tokval(parser))) {
+                    parseerror(parser, "unexpected ident: %s (use -fftepp-predef to enable pre-defined macros)", parser_tokval(parser));
+                    return false;
                 }
 
                 /*
@@ -2182,8 +2189,27 @@ static ast_expression* parse_expression_leave(parser_t *parser, bool stopatcomma
             wantop = true;
         }
         else {
-            parseerror(parser, "expected operator or end of statement");
-            goto onerr;
+            /* in this case we might want to allow constant string concatenation */
+            bool concatenated = false;
+            if (parser->tok == TOKEN_STRINGCONST && vec_size(sy.out)) {
+                ast_expression *lexpr = vec_last(sy.out).out;
+                if (ast_istype(lexpr, ast_value)) {
+                    ast_value *last = (ast_value*)lexpr;
+                    if (last->isimm == true && last->cvq == CV_CONST &&
+                        last->hasvalue && last->expression.vtype == TYPE_STRING)
+                    {
+                        char *newstr = NULL;
+                        util_asprintf(&newstr, "%s%s", last->constval.vstring, parser_tokval(parser));
+                        vec_last(sy.out).out = (ast_expression*)parser_const_string(parser, newstr, false);
+                        mem_d(newstr);
+                        concatenated = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!concatenated) {
+                parseerror(parser, "expected operator or end of statement");
+                goto onerr;
+            }
         }
 
         if (!parser_next(parser)) {
@@ -2203,8 +2229,8 @@ static ast_expression* parse_expression_leave(parser_t *parser, bool stopatcomma
     }
 
     parser->lex->flags.noops = true;
-    if (!vec_size(sy.out)) {
-        parseerror(parser, "empty expression");
+    if (vec_size(sy.out) != 1) {
+        parseerror(parser, "expression with not 1 but %lu output values...", (unsigned long) vec_size(sy.out));
         expr = NULL;
     } else
         expr = sy.out[0].out;
@@ -2339,13 +2365,13 @@ static ast_expression* process_condition(parser_t *parser, ast_expression *cond,
     ast_unary *unary;
     ast_expression *prev;
 
-    if (cond->expression.vtype == TYPE_VOID || cond->expression.vtype >= TYPE_VARIANT) {
+    if (cond->vtype == TYPE_VOID || cond->vtype >= TYPE_VARIANT) {
         char ty[1024];
         ast_type_to_string(cond, ty, sizeof(ty));
         compile_error(ast_ctx(cond), "invalid type for if() condition: %s", ty);
     }
 
-    if (OPTS_FLAG(FALSE_EMPTY_STRINGS) && cond->expression.vtype == TYPE_STRING)
+    if (OPTS_FLAG(FALSE_EMPTY_STRINGS) && cond->vtype == TYPE_STRING)
     {
         prev = cond;
         cond = (ast_expression*)ast_unary_new(ast_ctx(cond), INSTR_NOT_S, cond);
@@ -2356,7 +2382,7 @@ static ast_expression* process_condition(parser_t *parser, ast_expression *cond,
         }
         ifnot = !ifnot;
     }
-    else if (OPTS_FLAG(CORRECT_LOGIC) && cond->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
+    else if (OPTS_FLAG(CORRECT_LOGIC) && cond->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
     {
         /* vector types need to be cast to true booleans */
         ast_binary *bin = (ast_binary*)cond;
@@ -2429,17 +2455,17 @@ static bool parse_if(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
     /* closing paren */
     if (parser->tok != ')') {
         parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren after 'if' condition");
-        ast_delete(cond);
+        ast_unref(cond);
         return false;
     }
     /* parse into the 'then' branch */
     if (!parser_next(parser)) {
         parseerror(parser, "expected statement for on-true branch of 'if'");
-        ast_delete(cond);
+        ast_unref(cond);
         return false;
     }
     if (!parse_statement_or_block(parser, &ontrue)) {
-        ast_delete(cond);
+        ast_unref(cond);
         return false;
     }
     if (!ontrue)
@@ -2450,12 +2476,12 @@ static bool parse_if(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
         if (!parser_next(parser)) {
             parseerror(parser, "expected on-false branch after 'else'");
             ast_delete(ontrue);
-            ast_delete(cond);
+            ast_unref(cond);
             return false;
         }
         if (!parse_statement_or_block(parser, &onfalse)) {
             ast_delete(ontrue);
-            ast_delete(cond);
+            ast_unref(cond);
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -2552,23 +2578,23 @@ static bool parse_while_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **
     /* closing paren */
     if (parser->tok != ')') {
         parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren after 'while' condition");
-        ast_delete(cond);
+        ast_unref(cond);
         return false;
     }
     /* parse into the 'then' branch */
     if (!parser_next(parser)) {
         parseerror(parser, "expected while-loop body");
-        ast_delete(cond);
+        ast_unref(cond);
         return false;
     }
     if (!parse_statement_or_block(parser, &ontrue)) {
-        ast_delete(cond);
+        ast_unref(cond);
         return false;
     }
 
     cond = process_condition(parser, cond, &ifnot);
     if (!cond) {
-        ast_delete(ontrue);
+        ast_unref(ontrue);
         return false;
     }
     aloop = ast_loop_new(ctx, NULL, cond, ifnot, NULL, false, NULL, ontrue);
@@ -2668,21 +2694,21 @@ static bool parse_dowhile_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression
     if (parser->tok != ')') {
         parseerror(parser, "expected closing paren after 'while' condition");
         ast_delete(ontrue);
-        ast_delete(cond);
+        ast_unref(cond);
         return false;
     }
     /* parse on */
     if (!parser_next(parser) || parser->tok != ';') {
         parseerror(parser, "expected semicolon after condition");
         ast_delete(ontrue);
-        ast_delete(cond);
+        ast_unref(cond);
         return false;
     }
 
     if (!parser_next(parser)) {
         parseerror(parser, "parse error");
         ast_delete(ontrue);
-        ast_delete(cond);
+        ast_unref(cond);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -2755,7 +2781,6 @@ static bool parse_for_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **ou
     ast_expression *initexpr, *cond, *increment, *ontrue;
     ast_value      *typevar;
 
-    bool retval = true;
     bool ifnot  = false;
 
     lex_ctx ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
@@ -2855,21 +2880,25 @@ static bool parse_for_go(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **ou
     aloop = ast_loop_new(ctx, initexpr, cond, ifnot, NULL, false, increment, ontrue);
     *out = (ast_expression*)aloop;
 
-    if (!parser_leaveblock(parser))
-        retval = false;
-    return retval;
+    if (!parser_leaveblock(parser)) {
+        ast_delete(aloop);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
 onerr:
-    if (initexpr)  ast_delete(initexpr);
-    if (cond)      ast_delete(cond);
-    if (increment) ast_delete(increment);
+    if (initexpr)  ast_unref(initexpr);
+    if (cond)      ast_unref(cond);
+    if (increment) ast_unref(increment);
     (void)!parser_leaveblock(parser);
     return false;
 }
 
 static bool parse_return(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **out)
 {
-    ast_expression *exp = NULL;
-    ast_return     *ret = NULL;
+    ast_expression *exp      = NULL;
+    ast_expression *var      = NULL;
+    ast_return     *ret      = NULL;
+    ast_value      *retval   = parser->function->return_value;
     ast_value      *expected = parser->function->vtype;
 
     lex_ctx ctx = parser_ctx(parser);
@@ -2881,29 +2910,87 @@ static bool parse_return(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression **ou
         return false;
     }
 
+    /* return assignments */
+    if (parser->tok == '=') {
+        if (!OPTS_FLAG(RETURN_ASSIGNMENTS)) {
+            parseerror(parser, "return assignments not activated, try using -freturn-assigments");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (type_store_instr[expected->expression.next->vtype] == VINSTR_END) {
+            char ty1[1024];
+            ast_type_to_string(expected->expression.next, ty1, sizeof(ty1));
+            parseerror(parser, "invalid return type: `%s'", ty1);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!parser_next(parser)) {
+            parseerror(parser, "expected return assignment expression");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!(exp = parse_expression_leave(parser, false, false, false)))
+            return false;
+
+        /* prepare the return value */
+        if (!retval) {
+            retval = ast_value_new(ctx, "#LOCAL_RETURN", TYPE_VOID);
+            ast_type_adopt(retval, expected->expression.next);
+            parser->function->return_value = retval;
+        }
+
+        if (!ast_compare_type(exp, (ast_expression*)retval)) {
+            char ty1[1024], ty2[1024];
+            ast_type_to_string(exp, ty1, sizeof(ty1));
+            ast_type_to_string(&retval->expression, ty2, sizeof(ty2));
+            parseerror(parser, "invalid type for return value: `%s', expected `%s'", ty1, ty2);
+        }
+
+        /* store to 'return' local variable */
+        var = (ast_expression*)ast_store_new(
+            ctx,
+            type_store_instr[expected->expression.next->vtype],
+            (ast_expression*)retval, exp);
+
+        if (!var) {
+            ast_unref(exp);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (parser->tok != ';')
+            parseerror(parser, "missing semicolon after return assignment");
+        else if (!parser_next(parser))
+            parseerror(parser, "parse error after return assignment");
+
+        *out = var;
+        return true;
+    }
+
     if (parser->tok != ';') {
         exp = parse_expression(parser, false, false);
         if (!exp)
             return false;
 
-        if (exp->expression.vtype != TYPE_NIL &&
-            exp->expression.vtype != expected->expression.next->expression.vtype)
+        if (exp->vtype != TYPE_NIL &&
+            exp->vtype != ((ast_expression*)expected)->next->vtype)
         {
             parseerror(parser, "return with invalid expression");
         }
 
         ret = ast_return_new(ctx, exp);
         if (!ret) {
-            ast_delete(exp);
+            ast_unref(exp);
             return false;
         }
     } else {
         if (!parser_next(parser))
             parseerror(parser, "parse error");
-        if (expected->expression.next->expression.vtype != TYPE_VOID) {
+
+        if (!retval && expected->expression.next->vtype != TYPE_VOID)
+        {
             (void)!parsewarning(parser, WARN_MISSING_RETURN_VALUES, "return without value");
         }
-        ret = ast_return_new(ctx, NULL);
+        ret = ast_return_new(ctx, (ast_expression*)retval);
     }
     *out = (ast_expression*)ret;
     return true;
@@ -3651,7 +3738,7 @@ static bool parse_statement(parser_t *parser, ast_block *block, ast_expression *
             }
             return parse_typedef(parser);
         }
-        parseerror(parser, "Unexpected keyword");
+        parseerror(parser, "Unexpected keyword: `%s'", parser_tokval(parser));
         return false;
     }
     else if (parser->tok == '{')
@@ -4042,9 +4129,9 @@ static bool parse_function_body(parser_t *parser, ast_value *var)
             /* qc allows the use of not-yet-declared functions here
              * - this automatically creates a prototype */
             ast_value      *thinkfunc;
-            ast_expression *functype = fld_think->expression.next;
+            ast_expression *functype = fld_think->next;
 
-            thinkfunc = ast_value_new(parser_ctx(parser), parser_tokval(parser), functype->expression.vtype);
+            thinkfunc = ast_value_new(parser_ctx(parser), parser_tokval(parser), functype->vtype);
             if (!thinkfunc) { /* || !ast_type_adopt(thinkfunc, functype)*/
                 ast_unref(framenum);
                 parseerror(parser, "failed to create implicit prototype for `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
@@ -4199,7 +4286,7 @@ static bool parse_function_body(parser_t *parser, ast_value *var)
 
         if (param->expression.vtype != TYPE_VECTOR &&
             (param->expression.vtype != TYPE_FIELD ||
-             param->expression.next->expression.vtype != TYPE_VECTOR))
+             param->expression.next->vtype != TYPE_VECTOR))
         {
             continue;
         }
@@ -4227,13 +4314,13 @@ static bool parse_function_body(parser_t *parser, ast_value *var)
         varargs->expression.flags |= AST_FLAG_IS_VARARG;
         varargs->expression.next = (ast_expression*)ast_value_new(ast_ctx(var), NULL, TYPE_VECTOR);
         varargs->expression.count = 0;
-        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##va##SET", var->name);
+        util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##va##SET", var->name);
         if (!parser_create_array_setter_proto(parser, varargs, name)) {
             ast_delete(varargs);
             ast_block_delete(block);
             goto enderrfn;
         }
-        snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##va##GET", var->name);
+        util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##va##GET", var->name);
         if (!parser_create_array_getter_proto(parser, varargs, varargs->expression.next, name)) {
             ast_delete(varargs);
             ast_block_delete(block);
@@ -4251,6 +4338,7 @@ static bool parse_function_body(parser_t *parser, ast_value *var)
     }
 
     vec_push(func->blocks, block);
+    
 
     parser->function = old;
     if (!parser_leaveblock(parser))
@@ -4329,7 +4417,7 @@ static ast_expression *array_setter_node(parser_t *parser, ast_value *array, ast
         ast_store       *st;
         int assignop = type_store_instr[value->expression.vtype];
 
-        if (value->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD && value->expression.next->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
+        if (value->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD && value->expression.next->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
             assignop = INSTR_STORE_V;
 
         subscript = ast_array_index_new(ctx, (ast_expression*)array, (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, from));
@@ -4395,7 +4483,7 @@ static ast_expression *array_field_setter_node(
         ast_store       *st;
         int assignop = type_storep_instr[value->expression.vtype];
 
-        if (value->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD && value->expression.next->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
+        if (value->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD && value->expression.next->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
             assignop = INSTR_STOREP_V;
 
         subscript = ast_array_index_new(ctx, (ast_expression*)array, (ast_expression*)parser_const_float(parser, from));
@@ -5114,7 +5202,7 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
     bool      cleanvar  = true;
     bool      wasarray  = false;
 
-    ast_member *me[3];
+    ast_member *me[3] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
 
     if (!localblock && is_static)
         parseerror(parser, "`static` qualifier is not supported in global scope");
@@ -5171,7 +5259,7 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
         /*
          * store the vstring back to var for alias and
          * deprecation messages.
-         */   
+         */
         if (var->expression.flags & AST_FLAG_DEPRECATED ||
             var->expression.flags & AST_FLAG_ALIAS)
             var->desc = vstring;
@@ -5246,7 +5334,7 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
             {
                 /* deal with other globals */
                 old = parser_find_global(parser, var->name);
-                if (old && var->expression.vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION && old->expression.vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
+                if (old && var->expression.vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION && old->vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
                 {
                     /* This is a function which had a prototype */
                     if (!ast_istype(old, ast_value)) {
@@ -5268,7 +5356,7 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
                         ast_value_set_name(proto->expression.params[i], var->expression.params[i]->name);
                     if (!parser_check_qualifiers(parser, var, proto)) {
                         retval = false;
-                        if (proto->desc) 
+                        if (proto->desc)
                             mem_d(proto->desc);
                         proto = NULL;
                         goto cleanup;
@@ -5354,7 +5442,7 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
             if (var->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
                 isvector = true;
             else if (var->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
-                     var->expression.next->expression.vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
+                     var->expression.next->vtype == TYPE_VECTOR)
                 isvector = true;
 
             if (isvector) {
@@ -5393,7 +5481,7 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
                             return false;
                         }
 
-                        if (var->expression.vtype != find->expression.vtype) {
+                        if (var->expression.vtype != find->vtype) {
                             char ty1[1024];
                             char ty2[1024];
 
@@ -5409,13 +5497,13 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
                         /*
                          * add alias to aliases table and to corrector
                          * so corrections can apply for aliases as well.
-                         */  
+                         */
                         util_htset(parser->aliases, var->name, find);
 
                         /*
                          * add to corrector so corrections can work
                          * even for aliases too.
-                         */ 
+                         */
                         correct_add (
                              vec_last(parser->correct_variables),
                             &vec_last(parser->correct_variables_score),
@@ -5441,7 +5529,7 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
                             /*
                              * add to corrector so corrections can work
                              * even for aliases too.
-                             */  
+                             */
                             correct_add (
                                  vec_last(parser->correct_variables),
                                 &vec_last(parser->correct_variables_score),
@@ -5533,16 +5621,16 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
          */
         if (var->expression.vtype == TYPE_ARRAY) {
             char name[1024];
-            snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##SET", var->name);
+            util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##SET", var->name);
             if (!parser_create_array_setter(parser, var, name))
                 goto cleanup;
-            snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##GET", var->name);
+            util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##GET", var->name);
             if (!parser_create_array_getter(parser, var, var->expression.next, name))
                 goto cleanup;
         }
         else if (!localblock && !nofields &&
                  var->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD &&
-                 var->expression.next->expression.vtype == TYPE_ARRAY)
+                 var->expression.next->vtype == TYPE_ARRAY)
         {
             char name[1024];
             ast_expression *telem;
@@ -5554,14 +5642,14 @@ static bool parse_variable(parser_t *parser, ast_block *localblock, bool nofield
                 goto cleanup;
             }
 
-            snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##SETF", var->name);
+            util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##SETF", var->name);
             if (!parser_create_array_field_setter(parser, array, name))
                 goto cleanup;
 
             telem = ast_type_copy(ast_ctx(var), array->expression.next);
             tfield = ast_value_new(ast_ctx(var), "<.type>", TYPE_FIELD);
             tfield->expression.next = telem;
-            snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##GETFP", var->name);
+            util_snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s##GETFP", var->name);
             if (!parser_create_array_getter(parser, array, (ast_expression*)tfield, name)) {
                 ast_delete(tfield);
                 goto cleanup;
@@ -5599,7 +5687,7 @@ skipvar:
             }
         }
 
-        if (parser->tok != '{') {
+        if (parser->tok != '{' || var->expression.vtype != TYPE_FUNCTION) {
             if (parser->tok != '=') {
                 parseerror(parser, "missing semicolon or initializer, got: `%s`", parser_tokval(parser));
                 break;
@@ -5615,7 +5703,11 @@ skipvar:
         }
 
         if (parser->tok == '#') {
-            ast_function *func = NULL;
+            ast_function *func   = NULL;
+            ast_value    *number = NULL;
+            float         fractional;
+            float         integral;
+            int           builtin_num;
 
             if (localblock) {
                 parseerror(parser, "cannot declare builtins within functions");
@@ -5629,12 +5721,42 @@ skipvar:
                 parseerror(parser, "expected builtin number");
                 break;
             }
-            if (parser->tok != TOKEN_INTCONST) {
-                parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be an integer constant");
-                break;
-            }
-            if (parser_token(parser)->constval.i < 0) {
-                parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be an integer greater than zero");
+
+            if (OPTS_FLAG(EXPRESSIONS_FOR_BUILTINS)) {
+                number = (ast_value*)parse_expression_leave(parser, true, false, false);
+                if (!number) {
+                    parseerror(parser, "builtin number expected");
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (!ast_istype(number, ast_value) || !number->hasvalue || number->cvq != CV_CONST)
+                {
+                    ast_unref(number);
+                    parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be a compile time constant");
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (number->expression.vtype == TYPE_INTEGER)
+                    builtin_num = number->constval.vint;
+                else if (number->expression.vtype == TYPE_FLOAT)
+                    builtin_num = number->constval.vfloat;
+                else {
+                    ast_unref(number);
+                    parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be an integer constant");
+                    break;
+                }
+                ast_unref(number);
+
+                fractional = modff(builtin_num, &integral);
+                if (builtin_num < 0 || fractional != 0) {
+                    parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be an integer greater than zero");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                /* we only want the integral part anyways */
+                builtin_num = integral;
+            } else if (parser->tok == TOKEN_INTCONST) {
+                builtin_num = parser_token(parser)->constval.i;
+            } else {
+                parseerror(parser, "builtin number must be a compile time constant");
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -5653,10 +5775,13 @@ skipvar:
                 }
                 vec_push(parser->functions, func);
 
-                func->builtin = -parser_token(parser)->constval.i-1;
+                func->builtin = -builtin_num-1;
             }
 
-            if (!parser_next(parser)) {
+            if (OPTS_FLAG(EXPRESSIONS_FOR_BUILTINS)
+                    ? (parser->tok != ',' && parser->tok != ';')
+                    : (!parser_next(parser)))
+            {
                 parseerror(parser, "expected comma or semicolon");
                 if (func)
                     ast_function_delete(func);
@@ -5664,7 +5789,22 @@ skipvar:
                 break;
             }
         }
-        else if (parser->tok == '{' || parser->tok == '[')
+        else if (var->expression.vtype == TYPE_ARRAY && parser->tok == '{')
+        {
+            if (localblock) {
+                /* Note that fteqcc and most others don't even *have*
+                 * local arrays, so this is not a high priority.
+                 */
+                parseerror(parser, "TODO: initializers for local arrays");
+                break;
+            }
+            /*
+static ast_expression* parse_expression_leave(parser_t *parser, bool stopatcomma, bool truthvalue, bool with_labels);
+*/
+            parseerror(parser, "TODO: initializing global arrays is not supported yet!");
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (var->expression.vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION && (parser->tok == '{' || parser->tok == '['))
         {
             if (localblock) {
                 parseerror(parser, "cannot declare functions within functions");
@@ -5737,6 +5877,7 @@ skipvar:
                 }
                 vec_free(sy.out);
                 vec_free(sy.ops);
+                vec_free(sy.argc);
                 var->cvq = cvq;
             }
         }
@@ -5907,7 +6048,7 @@ static void generate_checksum(parser_t *parser)
         if (!ast_istype(parser->fields[i], ast_value))
             continue;
         value = (ast_value*)(parser->fields[i]);
-        switch (value->expression.next->expression.vtype) {
+        switch (value->expression.next->vtype) {
             case TYPE_FLOAT:    crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tfloat\t"); break;
             case TYPE_VECTOR:   crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tvec3_t\t"); break;
             case TYPE_STRING:   crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "\tstring_t\t"); break;
@@ -5921,7 +6062,7 @@ static void generate_checksum(parser_t *parser)
     }
     crc = progdefs_crc_both(crc, "} entvars_t;\n\n");
 
-    code_crc = crc;
+    parser->code->crc = crc;
 }
 
 parser_t *parser_create()
@@ -5936,6 +6077,11 @@ parser_t *parser_create()
 
     memset(parser, 0, sizeof(*parser));
 
+    if (!(parser->code = code_init())) {
+        mem_d(parser);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     for (i = 0; i < operator_count; ++i) {
         if (operators[i].id == opid1('=')) {
             parser->assign_op = operators+i;
@@ -5987,7 +6133,7 @@ parser_t *parser_create()
     return parser;
 }
 
-bool parser_compile(parser_t *parser)
+static bool parser_compile(parser_t *parser)
 {
     /* initial lexer/parser state */
     parser->lex->flags.noops = true;
@@ -6113,6 +6259,8 @@ void parser_cleanup(parser_t *parser)
 
     intrin_intrinsics_destroy(parser);
 
+    code_cleanup(parser->code);
+
     mem_d(parser);
 }
 
@@ -6151,11 +6299,11 @@ bool parser_finish(parser_t *parser, const char *output)
             ast_expression *subtype;
             field->hasvalue = true;
             subtype = field->expression.next;
-            ifld = ir_builder_create_field(ir, field->name, subtype->expression.vtype);
-            if (subtype->expression.vtype == TYPE_FIELD)
-                ifld->fieldtype = subtype->expression.next->expression.vtype;
-            else if (subtype->expression.vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
-                ifld->outtype = subtype->expression.next->expression.vtype;
+            ifld = ir_builder_create_field(ir, field->name, subtype->vtype);
+            if (subtype->vtype == TYPE_FIELD)
+                ifld->fieldtype = subtype->next->vtype;
+            else if (subtype->vtype == TYPE_FUNCTION)
+                ifld->outtype = subtype->next->vtype;
             (void)!ir_value_set_field(field->ir_v, ifld);
         }
     }
@@ -6243,7 +6391,7 @@ bool parser_finish(parser_t *parser, const char *output)
     }
     for (i = 0; i < vec_size(parser->fields); ++i) {
         ast_value *asvalue;
-        asvalue = (ast_value*)(parser->fields[i]->expression.next);
+        asvalue = (ast_value*)(parser->fields[i]->next);
 
         if (!ast_istype((ast_expression*)asvalue, ast_value))
             continue;
@@ -6291,7 +6439,7 @@ bool parser_finish(parser_t *parser, const char *output)
 
         generate_checksum(parser);
 
-        if (!ir_builder_generate(ir, output)) {
+        if (!ir_builder_generate(parser->code, ir, output)) {
             con_out("*** failed to generate output file\n");
             ir_builder_delete(ir);
             return false;