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27 /* Note: I will not be using a _t suffix for the
28 * "main" ast node types for now.
31 typedef union ast_node_u ast_node;
32 typedef union ast_expression_u ast_expression;
34 typedef struct ast_value_s ast_value;
35 typedef struct ast_function_s ast_function;
36 typedef struct ast_block_s ast_block;
37 typedef struct ast_binary_s ast_binary;
38 typedef struct ast_store_s ast_store;
39 typedef struct ast_binstore_s ast_binstore;
40 typedef struct ast_entfield_s ast_entfield;
41 typedef struct ast_ifthen_s ast_ifthen;
42 typedef struct ast_ternary_s ast_ternary;
43 typedef struct ast_loop_s ast_loop;
44 typedef struct ast_call_s ast_call;
45 typedef struct ast_unary_s ast_unary;
46 typedef struct ast_return_s ast_return;
47 typedef struct ast_member_s ast_member;
48 typedef struct ast_array_index_s ast_array_index;
49 typedef struct ast_breakcont_s ast_breakcont;
50 typedef struct ast_switch_s ast_switch;
51 typedef struct ast_label_s ast_label;
52 typedef struct ast_goto_s ast_goto;
55 TYPE_ast_node, /* 0 */
56 TYPE_ast_expression, /* 1 */
57 TYPE_ast_value, /* 2 */
58 TYPE_ast_function, /* 3 */
59 TYPE_ast_block, /* 4 */
60 TYPE_ast_binary, /* 5 */
61 TYPE_ast_store, /* 6 */
62 TYPE_ast_binstore, /* 7 */
63 TYPE_ast_entfield, /* 8 */
64 TYPE_ast_ifthen, /* 9 */
65 TYPE_ast_ternary, /* 10 */
66 TYPE_ast_loop, /* 11 */
67 TYPE_ast_call, /* 12 */
68 TYPE_ast_unary, /* 13 */
69 TYPE_ast_return, /* 14 */
70 TYPE_ast_member, /* 15 */
71 TYPE_ast_array_index, /* 16 */
72 TYPE_ast_breakcont, /* 17 */
73 TYPE_ast_switch, /* 18 */
74 TYPE_ast_label, /* 19 */
75 TYPE_ast_goto /* 20 */
78 #define ast_istype(x, t) ( ((ast_node_common*)x)->nodetype == (TYPE_##t) )
79 #define ast_ctx(node) (((ast_node_common*)(node))->context)
80 #define ast_side_effects(node) (((ast_node_common*)(node))->side_effects)
82 /* Node interface with common components
84 typedef void ast_node_delete(ast_node*);
88 /* I don't feel comfortable using keywords like 'delete' as names... */
89 ast_node_delete *destroy;
91 /* keep: if a node contains this node, 'keep'
92 * prevents its dtor from destroying this node as well.
98 #define ast_delete(x) (*( ((ast_node*)(x))->node.destroy ))((ast_node*)(x))
99 #define ast_unref(x) do \
101 if (! (((ast_node*)(x))->node.keep) ) { \
106 /* Expression interface
108 * Any expression or block returns an ir_value, and needs
109 * to know the current function.
111 typedef bool ast_expression_codegen(ast_expression*,
115 /* TODO: the codegen function should take an output-type parameter
116 * indicating whether a variable, type, label etc. is expected, and
118 * Then later an ast_ident could have a codegen using this to figure
119 * out what to look for.
120 * eg. in code which uses a not-yet defined variable, the expression
121 * would take an ast_ident, and the codegen would be called with
122 * type `expression`, so the ast_ident's codegen would search for
123 * variables through the environment (or functions, constants...).
127 ast_node_common node;
128 ast_expression_codegen *codegen;
130 ast_expression *next;
131 /* arrays get a member-count */
135 /* void foo(string...) gets varparam set as a restriction
136 * for variadic parameters
138 ast_expression *varparam;
139 /* The codegen functions should store their output values
140 * so we can call it multiple times without re-evaluating.
141 * Store lvalue and rvalue seperately though. So that
142 * ast_entfield for example can generate both if required.
146 } ast_expression_common;
147 #define AST_FLAG_VARIADIC (1<<0)
148 #define AST_FLAG_NORETURN (1<<1)
149 #define AST_FLAG_INLINE (1<<2)
150 #define AST_FLAG_INITIALIZED (1<<3)
151 #define AST_FLAG_DEPRECATED (1<<4)
152 #define AST_FLAG_INCLUDE_DEF (1<<5)
153 #define AST_FLAG_IS_VARARG (1<<6)
154 #define AST_FLAG_ALIAS (1<<7)
155 #define AST_FLAG_TYPE_MASK (AST_FLAG_VARIADIC | AST_FLAG_NORETURN)
159 * Types are also values, both have a type and a name.
160 * especially considering possible constructs like typedefs.
162 * is like creating a 'float foo', foo serving as the type's name.
166 ast_expression_common expression;
171 const char *argcounter;
178 int cvq; /* const/var qualifier */
179 bool isfield; /* this declares a field */
180 bool isimm; /* an immediate, not just const */
192 /* usecount for the parser */
196 ir_value **ir_values;
197 size_t ir_value_count;
199 /* ONLY for arrays in progs version up to 6 */
204 ast_value* ast_value_new(lex_ctx ctx, const char *name, int qctype);
205 ast_value* ast_value_copy(const ast_value *self);
206 /* This will NOT delete an underlying ast_function */
207 void ast_value_delete(ast_value*);
209 bool ast_value_set_name(ast_value*, const char *name);
211 bool ast_value_codegen(ast_value*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
212 bool ast_local_codegen(ast_value *self, ir_function *func, bool isparam);
213 bool ast_global_codegen(ast_value *self, ir_builder *ir, bool isfield);
215 void ast_value_params_add(ast_value*, ast_value*);
217 bool ast_compare_type(ast_expression *a, ast_expression *b);
218 ast_expression* ast_type_copy(lex_ctx ctx, const ast_expression *ex);
219 #define ast_type_adopt(a, b) ast_type_adopt_impl((ast_expression*)(a), (ast_expression*)(b))
220 void ast_type_adopt_impl(ast_expression *self, const ast_expression *other);
221 void ast_type_to_string(ast_expression *e, char *buf, size_t bufsize);
223 typedef enum ast_binary_ref_s {
224 AST_REF_LEFT = 1 << 1,
225 AST_REF_RIGHT = 1 << 2,
226 AST_REF_ALL = (AST_REF_LEFT | AST_REF_RIGHT)
232 * A value-returning binary expression.
236 ast_expression_common expression;
239 ast_expression *left;
240 ast_expression *right;
244 ast_binary* ast_binary_new(lex_ctx ctx,
246 ast_expression *left,
247 ast_expression *right);
248 void ast_binary_delete(ast_binary*);
250 bool ast_binary_codegen(ast_binary*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
254 * An assignment including a binary expression with the source as left operand.
255 * Eg. a += b; is a binstore { INSTR_STORE, INSTR_ADD, a, b }
257 struct ast_binstore_s
259 ast_expression_common expression;
263 ast_expression *dest;
264 ast_expression *source;
265 /* for &~= which uses the destination in a binary in source we can use this */
268 ast_binstore* ast_binstore_new(lex_ctx ctx,
271 ast_expression *left,
272 ast_expression *right);
273 void ast_binstore_delete(ast_binstore*);
275 bool ast_binstore_codegen(ast_binstore*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
279 * Regular unary expressions: not,neg
283 ast_expression_common expression;
286 ast_expression *operand;
288 ast_unary* ast_unary_new(lex_ctx ctx,
290 ast_expression *expr);
291 void ast_unary_delete(ast_unary*);
293 bool ast_unary_codegen(ast_unary*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
297 * Make sure 'return' only happens at the end of a block, otherwise the IR
298 * will refuse to create further instructions.
299 * This should be honored by the parser.
303 ast_expression_common expression;
304 ast_expression *operand;
306 ast_return* ast_return_new(lex_ctx ctx,
307 ast_expression *expr);
308 void ast_return_delete(ast_return*);
310 bool ast_return_codegen(ast_return*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
314 * This must do 2 things:
315 * -) Provide a way to fetch an entity field value. (Rvalue)
316 * -) Provide a pointer to an entity field. (Lvalue)
318 * In original QC, there's only a STORE via pointer, but
319 * no LOAD via pointer.
320 * So we must know beforehand if we are going to read or assign
322 * For this we will have to extend the codegen() functions with
323 * a flag saying whether or not we need an L or an R-value.
325 struct ast_entfield_s
327 ast_expression_common expression;
328 /* The entity can come from an expression of course. */
329 ast_expression *entity;
330 /* As can the field, it just must result in a value of TYPE_FIELD */
331 ast_expression *field;
333 ast_entfield* ast_entfield_new(lex_ctx ctx, ast_expression *entity, ast_expression *field);
334 ast_entfield* ast_entfield_new_force(lex_ctx ctx, ast_expression *entity, ast_expression *field, const ast_expression *outtype);
335 void ast_entfield_delete(ast_entfield*);
337 bool ast_entfield_codegen(ast_entfield*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
341 * For now used for vectors. If we get structs or unions
342 * we can have them handled here as well.
346 ast_expression_common expression;
347 ast_expression *owner;
352 ast_member* ast_member_new(lex_ctx ctx, ast_expression *owner, unsigned int field, const char *name);
353 void ast_member_delete(ast_member*);
354 bool ast_member_set_name(ast_member*, const char *name);
356 bool ast_member_codegen(ast_member*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
358 /* Array index access:
360 * QC forces us to take special action on arrays:
361 * an ast_store on an ast_array_index must not codegen the index,
362 * but call its setter - unless we have an instruction set which supports
364 * Any other array index access will be codegened to a call to the getter.
365 * In any case, accessing an element via a compiletime-constant index will
366 * result in quick access to that variable.
368 struct ast_array_index_s
370 ast_expression_common expression;
371 ast_expression *array;
372 ast_expression *index;
374 ast_array_index* ast_array_index_new(lex_ctx ctx, ast_expression *array, ast_expression *index);
375 void ast_array_index_delete(ast_array_index*);
377 bool ast_array_index_codegen(ast_array_index*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
381 * Stores left<-right and returns left.
382 * Specialized binary expression node
386 ast_expression_common expression;
388 ast_expression *dest;
389 ast_expression *source;
391 ast_store* ast_store_new(lex_ctx ctx, int op,
392 ast_expression *d, ast_expression *s);
393 void ast_store_delete(ast_store*);
395 bool ast_store_codegen(ast_store*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
399 * A general 'if then else' statement, either side can be NULL and will
400 * thus be omitted. It is an error for *both* cases to be NULL at once.
402 * During its 'codegen' it'll be changing the ast_function's block.
404 * An if is also an "expression". Its codegen will put NULL into the
405 * output field though. For ternary expressions an ast_ternary will be
410 ast_expression_common expression;
411 ast_expression *cond;
412 /* It's all just 'expressions', since an ast_block is one too. */
413 ast_expression *on_true;
414 ast_expression *on_false;
416 ast_ifthen* ast_ifthen_new(lex_ctx ctx, ast_expression *cond, ast_expression *ontrue, ast_expression *onfalse);
417 void ast_ifthen_delete(ast_ifthen*);
419 bool ast_ifthen_codegen(ast_ifthen*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
421 /* Ternary expressions...
423 * Contrary to 'if-then-else' nodes, ternary expressions actually
424 * return a value, otherwise they behave the very same way.
425 * The difference in 'codegen' is that it'll return the value of
428 * The other difference is that in an ast_ternary, NEITHER side
429 * must be NULL, there's ALWAYS an else branch.
431 * This is the only ast_node beside ast_value which contains
432 * an ir_value. Theoretically we don't need to remember it though.
436 ast_expression_common expression;
437 ast_expression *cond;
438 /* It's all just 'expressions', since an ast_block is one too. */
439 ast_expression *on_true;
440 ast_expression *on_false;
442 ast_ternary* ast_ternary_new(lex_ctx ctx, ast_expression *cond, ast_expression *ontrue, ast_expression *onfalse);
443 void ast_ternary_delete(ast_ternary*);
445 bool ast_ternary_codegen(ast_ternary*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
447 /* A general loop node
449 * For convenience it contains 4 parts:
450 * -) (ini) = initializing expression
451 * -) (pre) = pre-loop condition
452 * -) (pst) = post-loop condition
453 * -) (inc) = "increment" expression
454 * The following is a psudo-representation of this loop
455 * note that '=>' bears the logical meaning of "implies".
456 * (a => b) equals (!a || b)
459 while (has_pre => {pre})
463 continue: // a 'continue' will jump here
464 if (has_pst => {pst})
472 ast_expression_common expression;
473 ast_expression *initexpr;
474 ast_expression *precond;
475 ast_expression *postcond;
476 ast_expression *increment;
477 ast_expression *body;
478 /* For now we allow a seperate flag on whether or not the condition
479 * is supposed to be true or false.
480 * That way, the parser can generate a 'while not(!x)' for `while(x)`
481 * if desired, which is useful for the new -f{true,false}-empty-strings
487 ast_loop* ast_loop_new(lex_ctx ctx,
488 ast_expression *initexpr,
489 ast_expression *precond, bool pre_not,
490 ast_expression *postcond, bool post_not,
491 ast_expression *increment,
492 ast_expression *body);
493 void ast_loop_delete(ast_loop*);
495 bool ast_loop_codegen(ast_loop*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
499 struct ast_breakcont_s
501 ast_expression_common expression;
505 ast_breakcont* ast_breakcont_new(lex_ctx ctx, bool iscont, unsigned int levels);
506 void ast_breakcont_delete(ast_breakcont*);
508 bool ast_breakcont_codegen(ast_breakcont*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
512 * A few notes about this: with the original QCVM, no real optimization
513 * is possible. The SWITCH instruction set isn't really helping a lot, since
514 * it only collapes the EQ and IF instructions into one.
515 * Note: Declaring local variables inside caseblocks is normal.
516 * Since we don't have to deal with a stack there's no unnatural behaviour to
517 * be expected from it.
521 ast_expression *value; /* #20 will replace this */
522 ast_expression *code;
526 ast_expression_common expression;
528 ast_expression *operand;
529 ast_switch_case *cases;
532 ast_switch* ast_switch_new(lex_ctx ctx, ast_expression *op);
533 void ast_switch_delete(ast_switch*);
535 bool ast_switch_codegen(ast_switch*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
539 * Introduce a label which can be used together with 'goto'
543 ast_expression_common expression;
547 /* means it has not yet been defined */
551 ast_label* ast_label_new(lex_ctx ctx, const char *name, bool undefined);
552 void ast_label_delete(ast_label*);
553 void ast_label_register_goto(ast_label*, ast_goto*);
555 bool ast_label_codegen(ast_label*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
559 * Go to a label, the label node is filled in at a later point!
563 ast_expression_common expression;
566 ir_block *irblock_from;
569 ast_goto* ast_goto_new(lex_ctx ctx, const char *name);
570 void ast_goto_delete(ast_goto*);
571 void ast_goto_set_label(ast_goto*, ast_label*);
573 bool ast_goto_codegen(ast_goto*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
577 * Contains an ast_expression as target, rather than an ast_function/value.
578 * Since it's how QC works, every ast_function has an ast_value
579 * associated anyway - in other words, the VM contains function
580 * pointers for every function anyway. Thus, this node will call
582 * Additionally it contains a list of ast_expressions as parameters.
583 * Since calls can return values, an ast_call is also an ast_expression.
587 ast_expression_common expression;
588 ast_expression *func;
589 ast_expression* *params;
590 ast_expression *va_count;
592 ast_call* ast_call_new(lex_ctx ctx,
593 ast_expression *funcexpr);
594 void ast_call_delete(ast_call*);
595 bool ast_call_codegen(ast_call*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
596 bool ast_call_check_types(ast_call*);
603 ast_expression_common expression;
606 ast_expression* *exprs;
607 ast_expression* *collect;
609 ast_block* ast_block_new(lex_ctx ctx);
610 void ast_block_delete(ast_block*);
611 void ast_block_set_type(ast_block*, ast_expression *from);
613 bool ast_block_codegen(ast_block*, ast_function*, bool lvalue, ir_value**);
614 void ast_block_collect(ast_block*, ast_expression*);
616 bool GMQCC_WARN ast_block_add_expr(ast_block*, ast_expression*);
620 * Contains a list of blocks... at least in theory.
621 * Usually there's just the main block, other blocks are inside that.
623 * Technically, functions don't need to be an AST node, since we have
624 * neither functions inside functions, nor lambdas, and function
625 * pointers could just work with a name. However, this way could be
626 * more flexible, and adds no real complexity.
628 struct ast_function_s
630 ast_node_common node;
637 ir_function *ir_func;
639 ir_block **breakblocks;
640 ir_block **continueblocks;
643 /* In order for early-out logic not to go over
644 * excessive jumps, we remember their target
652 /* in order for thread safety - for the optional
653 * channel abesed multithreading... keeping a buffer
654 * here to use in ast_function_label.
662 ast_value *fixedparams;
664 ast_function* ast_function_new(lex_ctx ctx, const char *name, ast_value *vtype);
665 /* This will NOT delete the underlying ast_value */
666 void ast_function_delete(ast_function*);
667 /* For "optimized" builds this can just keep returning "foo"...
670 const char* ast_function_label(ast_function*, const char *prefix);
672 bool ast_function_codegen(ast_function *self, ir_builder *builder);
673 bool ast_generate_accessors(ast_value *asvalue, ir_builder *ir);
677 union ast_expression_u
679 ast_expression_common expression;
687 ast_entfield entfield;
694 ast_node_common node;
695 ast_expression expression;