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+.TH CJPEG 1 "30 December 2009"
+.SH NAME
+cjpeg \- compress an image file to a JPEG file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B cjpeg
+[
+.I options
+]
+[
+.I filename
+]
+.LP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+.B cjpeg
+compresses the named image file, or the standard input if no file is
+named, and produces a JPEG/JFIF file on the standard output.
+The currently supported input file formats are: PPM (PBMPLUS color
+format), PGM (PBMPLUS gray-scale format), BMP, Targa, and RLE (Utah Raster
+Toolkit format).  (RLE is supported only if the URT library is available.)
+.SH OPTIONS
+All switch names may be abbreviated; for example,
+.B \-grayscale
+may be written
+.B \-gray
+or
+.BR \-gr .
+Most of the "basic" switches can be abbreviated to as little as one letter.
+Upper and lower case are equivalent (thus
+.B \-BMP
+is the same as
+.BR \-bmp ).
+British spellings are also accepted (e.g.,
+.BR \-greyscale ),
+though for brevity these are not mentioned below.
+.PP
+The basic switches are:
+.TP
+.BI \-quality " N[,...]"
+Scale quantization tables to adjust image quality.  Quality is 0 (worst) to
+100 (best); default is 75.  (See below for more info.)
+.TP
+.B \-grayscale
+Create monochrome JPEG file from color input.  Be sure to use this switch when
+compressing a grayscale BMP file, because
+.B cjpeg
+isn't bright enough to notice whether a BMP file uses only shades of gray.
+By saying
+.BR \-grayscale ,
+you'll get a smaller JPEG file that takes less time to process.
+.TP
+.B \-optimize
+Perform optimization of entropy encoding parameters.  Without this, default
+encoding parameters are used.
+.B \-optimize
+usually makes the JPEG file a little smaller, but
+.B cjpeg
+runs somewhat slower and needs much more memory.  Image quality and speed of
+decompression are unaffected by
+.BR \-optimize .
+.TP
+.B \-progressive
+Create progressive JPEG file (see below).
+.TP
+.BI \-scale " M/N"
+Scale the output image by a factor M/N.  Currently supported scale factors are
+8/N with all N from 1 to 16.
+.TP
+.B \-targa
+Input file is Targa format.  Targa files that contain an "identification"
+field will not be automatically recognized by
+.BR cjpeg ;
+for such files you must specify
+.B \-targa
+to make
+.B cjpeg
+treat the input as Targa format.
+For most Targa files, you won't need this switch.
+.PP
+The
+.B \-quality
+switch lets you trade off compressed file size against quality of the
+reconstructed image: the higher the quality setting, the larger the JPEG file,
+and the closer the output image will be to the original input.  Normally you
+want to use the lowest quality setting (smallest file) that decompresses into
+something visually indistinguishable from the original image.  For this
+purpose the quality setting should be between 50 and 95; the default of 75 is
+often about right.  If you see defects at
+.B \-quality
+75, then go up 5 or 10 counts at a time until you are happy with the output
+image.  (The optimal setting will vary from one image to another.)
+.PP
+.B \-quality
+100 will generate a quantization table of all 1's, minimizing loss in the
+quantization step (but there is still information loss in subsampling, as well
+as roundoff error).  This setting is mainly of interest for experimental
+purposes.  Quality values above about 95 are
+.B not
+recommended for normal use; the compressed file size goes up dramatically for
+hardly any gain in output image quality.
+.PP
+In the other direction, quality values below 50 will produce very small files
+of low image quality.  Settings around 5 to 10 might be useful in preparing an
+index of a large image library, for example.  Try
+.B \-quality
+2 (or so) for some amusing Cubist effects.  (Note: quality
+values below about 25 generate 2-byte quantization tables, which are
+considered optional in the JPEG standard.
+.B cjpeg
+emits a warning message when you give such a quality value, because some
+other JPEG programs may be unable to decode the resulting file.  Use
+.B \-baseline
+if you need to ensure compatibility at low quality values.)
+.PP
+The
+.B \-quality
+option has been extended in IJG version 7 for support of separate quality
+settings for luminance and chrominance (or in general, for every provided
+quantization table slot).  This feature is useful for high-quality
+applications which cannot accept the damage of color data by coarse
+subsampling settings.  You can now easily reduce the color data amount more
+smoothly with finer control without separate subsampling.  The resulting file
+is fully compliant with standard JPEG decoders.
+Note that the
+.B \-quality
+ratings refer to the quantization table slots, and that the last value is
+replicated if there are more q-table slots than parameters.  The default
+q-table slots are 0 for luminance and 1 for chrominance with default tables as
+given in the JPEG standard.  This is compatible with the old behaviour in case
+that only one parameter is given, which is then used for both luminance and
+chrominance (slots 0 and 1).  More or custom quantization tables can be set
+with
+.B \-qtables
+and assigned to components with
+.B \-qslots
+parameter (see the "wizard" switches below).
+.B Caution:
+You must explicitly add
+.BI \-sample " 1x1"
+for efficient separate color
+quality selection, since the default value used by library is 2x2!
+.PP
+The
+.B \-progressive
+switch creates a "progressive JPEG" file.  In this type of JPEG file, the data
+is stored in multiple scans of increasing quality.  If the file is being
+transmitted over a slow communications link, the decoder can use the first
+scan to display a low-quality image very quickly, and can then improve the
+display with each subsequent scan.  The final image is exactly equivalent to a
+standard JPEG file of the same quality setting, and the total file size is
+about the same --- often a little smaller.
+.PP
+Switches for advanced users:
+.TP
+.B \-dct int
+Use integer DCT method (default).
+.TP
+.B \-dct fast
+Use fast integer DCT (less accurate).
+.TP
+.B \-dct float
+Use floating-point DCT method.
+The float method is very slightly more accurate than the int method, but is
+much slower unless your machine has very fast floating-point hardware.  Also
+note that results of the floating-point method may vary slightly across
+machines, while the integer methods should give the same results everywhere.
+The fast integer method is much less accurate than the other two.
+.TP
+.B \-nosmooth
+Don't use high-quality downsampling.
+.TP
+.BI \-restart " N"
+Emit a JPEG restart marker every N MCU rows, or every N MCU blocks if "B" is
+attached to the number.
+.B \-restart 0
+(the default) means no restart markers.
+.TP
+.BI \-smooth " N"
+Smooth the input image to eliminate dithering noise.  N, ranging from 1 to
+100, indicates the strength of smoothing.  0 (the default) means no smoothing.
+.TP
+.BI \-maxmemory " N"
+Set limit for amount of memory to use in processing large images.  Value is
+in thousands of bytes, or millions of bytes if "M" is attached to the
+number.  For example,
+.B \-max 4m
+selects 4000000 bytes.  If more space is needed, temporary files will be used.
+.TP
+.BI \-outfile " name"
+Send output image to the named file, not to standard output.
+.TP
+.B \-verbose
+Enable debug printout.  More
+.BR \-v 's
+give more output.  Also, version information is printed at startup.
+.TP
+.B \-debug
+Same as
+.BR \-verbose .
+.PP
+The
+.B \-restart
+option inserts extra markers that allow a JPEG decoder to resynchronize after
+a transmission error.  Without restart markers, any damage to a compressed
+file will usually ruin the image from the point of the error to the end of the
+image; with restart markers, the damage is usually confined to the portion of
+the image up to the next restart marker.  Of course, the restart markers
+occupy extra space.  We recommend
+.B \-restart 1
+for images that will be transmitted across unreliable networks such as Usenet.
+.PP
+The
+.B \-smooth
+option filters the input to eliminate fine-scale noise.  This is often useful
+when converting dithered images to JPEG: a moderate smoothing factor of 10 to
+50 gets rid of dithering patterns in the input file, resulting in a smaller
+JPEG file and a better-looking image.  Too large a smoothing factor will
+visibly blur the image, however.
+.PP
+Switches for wizards:
+.TP
+.B \-arithmetic
+Use arithmetic coding.
+.B Caution:
+arithmetic coded JPEG is not yet widely implemented, so many decoders will be
+unable to view an arithmetic coded JPEG file at all.
+.TP
+.B \-baseline
+Force baseline-compatible quantization tables to be generated.  This clamps
+quantization values to 8 bits even at low quality settings.  (This switch is
+poorly named, since it does not ensure that the output is actually baseline
+JPEG.  For example, you can use
+.B \-baseline
+and
+.B \-progressive
+together.)
+.TP
+.BI \-qtables " file"
+Use the quantization tables given in the specified text file.
+.TP
+.BI \-qslots " N[,...]"
+Select which quantization table to use for each color component.
+.TP
+.BI \-sample " HxV[,...]"
+Set JPEG sampling factors for each color component.
+.TP
+.BI \-scans " file"
+Use the scan script given in the specified text file.
+.PP
+The "wizard" switches are intended for experimentation with JPEG.  If you
+don't know what you are doing, \fBdon't use them\fR.  These switches are
+documented further in the file wizard.txt.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.LP
+This example compresses the PPM file foo.ppm with a quality factor of
+60 and saves the output as foo.jpg:
+.IP
+.B cjpeg \-quality
+.I 60 foo.ppm
+.B >
+.I foo.jpg
+.SH HINTS
+Color GIF files are not the ideal input for JPEG; JPEG is really intended for
+compressing full-color (24-bit) images.  In particular, don't try to convert
+cartoons, line drawings, and other images that have only a few distinct
+colors.  GIF works great on these, JPEG does not.  If you want to convert a
+GIF to JPEG, you should experiment with
+.BR cjpeg 's
+.B \-quality
+and
+.B \-smooth
+options to get a satisfactory conversion.
+.B \-smooth 10
+or so is often helpful.
+.PP
+Avoid running an image through a series of JPEG compression/decompression
+cycles.  Image quality loss will accumulate; after ten or so cycles the image
+may be noticeably worse than it was after one cycle.  It's best to use a
+lossless format while manipulating an image, then convert to JPEG format when
+you are ready to file the image away.
+.PP
+The
+.B \-optimize
+option to
+.B cjpeg
+is worth using when you are making a "final" version for posting or archiving.
+It's also a win when you are using low quality settings to make very small
+JPEG files; the percentage improvement is often a lot more than it is on
+larger files.  (At present,
+.B \-optimize
+mode is always selected when generating progressive JPEG files.)
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.TP
+.B JPEGMEM
+If this environment variable is set, its value is the default memory limit.
+The value is specified as described for the
+.B \-maxmemory
+switch.
+.B JPEGMEM
+overrides the default value specified when the program was compiled, and
+itself is overridden by an explicit
+.BR \-maxmemory .
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR djpeg (1),
+.BR jpegtran (1),
+.BR rdjpgcom (1),
+.BR wrjpgcom (1)
+.br
+.BR ppm (5),
+.BR pgm (5)
+.br
+Wallace, Gregory K.  "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard",
+Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34, no. 4), pp. 30-44.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Independent JPEG Group
+.SH BUGS
+GIF input files are no longer supported, to avoid the Unisys LZW patent.
+(Conversion of GIF files to JPEG is usually a bad idea anyway.)
+.PP
+Not all variants of BMP and Targa file formats are supported.
+.PP
+The
+.B \-targa
+switch is not a bug, it's a feature.  (It would be a bug if the Targa format
+designers had not been clueless.)